Manejo integrado de uva e erva sal (atriplex nummularia) para fins de fitorremediação no Semiárido Paraibano.

Abstract

Contamination of soils through salts has been occurring predominantly in excess in the arid and semi-arid regions. The consequences of this salinization result in a lack of adequate management of the irrigation process, an absence in the functional drainage system in irrigated perimeters. Halophyte plants adapted to high salinity levels, are promising to accumulate large amounts of salts extracted from the soils in their tissues. The objective of this work was to revitalize the existing vineyard, with cultivars of Vitis labrusca and Vitis vinifera, through the implantation of Atriplex nummularia (salt herb) as phytoremediation agent of saline soils. In this study the soil chemical analysis, the irrigation system through the physical-chemical analyzes of the water, as well as the preservation of the bunches of grapes were evaluated through several techniques. Soil analyzes at depths up to 20 cm indicated the presence of large quantities of sodium. The reduction of potassium presented in the samples with a depth of up to 20 cm showed a balance between cations present in the soil, having a function of enzymatic activation by halophytes such as Atriplex nummularia (salt grass). In soils with a depth of up to 40 cm, the decrease in pH determined a lower availability of nutrients, referring to the lower exchange capacity due to salt absorption (Atriplex nummularia). In view of the above, it can be said that the salt herb (Atriplex nummularia) is favorable as an economical and viable alternative for the removal of salts present in the soil.