Simulação numérica de distribuição de temperaturas e tensões residuais em juntas soldadas do aço API 5l X80 pelos processos de soldagem GTAW E SMAW.

Abstract

Many are the metallurgical variations suffered by the material when it is subjected to a weld thermal cycle, which promote a considerable influence on mechanical properties, and specifically on the welded joint residual stresses. In the project phase, one of these alternatives is the use of computational methods via simulation. So, in this work a numerical methodology to determine the temperature field and transverse residual stresses was developed. The numerical simulations were implemented using a commercial software ABAQUS® based on finite element method (FEM). In addition, a source of heat proposed by Goldak, able to model the heat input value was used. Input parameters, such as: Current, voltage, speed and initial temperature of the virtual plate were also evaluated. To validate the thermal results and the other thermal and mechanical simulations a virtual plate of API 5L X70 and API 5L X-80 steel welded by the FCAW and GTAW and SMAW processes respectively was used. The results showed that it was possible to evaluate the influence of preheat and interpass temperature on the weld thermal gradients and thermal cycling, as well as the change in peak temperature and cooling time between 800 and 500 (∆t8/5) values in different regions of the welded joint. In relation to the transverse residual stresses, it was showed that there were changes in its profile when it was applied more than one weld pass which can serve as base model for future work in this area.