Digestão anaeróbia de dejetos suínos e resíduos de alimentos em Biodigestor Canadense.

Abstract

Solid and liquid waste generated by agricultural activities, such as pig farming, as well as organic waste generated from the waste of horticultural companies, fairgrounds and / or restaurants, a serious problem, a serious problem, a contaminant content, Therefore, it is necessary to seek efficient treatment alternatives and within a standard of technical, economic and environmental sustainability. Anaerobic biodigestion has been well studied, as well as providing adequate waste treatment and being an economically viable technique, can add value to the products of the process. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the behavior of the metabolic stages of the anaerobic digestion process of swine manure and food residues under different proportions in a Canadian type biodigester. The system was installed at the Center of Science and Technology Agrifood of the Federal University of Campina Grande, being exposed to the semi-arid climate of the Paraíba hinterland. The system worked for eight months, between April 15 and December 13, 2016, totaling 240 days, the experiment being divided into three phases, and for each phase and treated 3,200 kg of materials. A conduction of the following form: In the first phase of the biodigestor was fed only with swine manure; In the second phase, of the total value of one being treated, 75% of swine manure and 25% of organic material (fruit, vegetable and vegetable remains); In the third stage, the biodigestor was fed with 50% of waste and 50% of organic material. For each phase, a HRT of 35 days was adopted, after that time was carried out biweekly, until 80th day, where the end of a phase and beginning of the follow-up occurred. As analyzes, of the tributaries and effluents, included as Physical, Chemical and Microbiological, determination of the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and quantification and qualification of the biogas generated. The results showed that in the operation of the Canadian biodigester, a second phase for the best results related to anaerobic digestion. As for the macronutrients, as higher concentrations, no biofertilizer of the biodigester was observed in the third stage of the experiment, with 4.17%. As for methane production, it was found that it is a first stage for a higher gas release, indicating that it is an addition of secondary materials did not influence its production.