Características epidemiológicas do câncer do colo do útero em mulheres residentes no estado da Paraíba.

Abstract

Introduction: Uterine Cervical Cancer (UCC) is considered a serious public health problem in Brazil, since, even though it is possible to prevent it and has a good prognosis when detected and treated early, it is still responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. UCC is the third most common tumor among women, losing only to breast and rectal cancer, being in Brazil the fourth cause of cancer death in the female population. It is characterized by disordered cell proliferation of the uterine lining epithelium, being understood as a type of late-onset malignant neoplasm and its main screening method is the Papanicolaou Test. Objective: To identify the main epidemiological characteristics of cervical cancer in the state of Paraíba, from 2006 to 2014, through information provided by DATASUS. Material and Method: This is a retrospective ecological study of a descriptive nature, with a quantitative approach. Secondary data concerning the UCC in the State of Paraíba from 2006 to 2014, obtained from the Cervical Cancer Information System (SISCOLO), available at the Department of Informatics of SUS (DATASUS), were analyzed. The data were analyzed in the program Microsoft Office Excel 2010 for elaboration of tables, containing the absolute value and percentage. Results: From 2006 to 2014, 2,190,933 cytopathological exams were performed in Paraíba, and 2007 and 2014 presented the highest and lowest coverage, respectively. From 25 to 29 years old, the age group with the most examinations (15.29%). Invasive squamous cell carcinoma (73.79%) prevailed with the highest number of cases in 2006 (23.69%) and in the age group of 60 years or more (41.66%). Regarding color/race, information was omitted in 89.38% of the cases and schooling was more affected by women with incomplete primary education (9.39%). Conclusion: The results reinforce trends identified in other studies, which highlight a higher incidence of UCC in women over 35 years. The findings reinforce the deficiency of information in the system, praising the importance of keeping it up to date. There is also a need for the development of actions aimed at sensitizing women about the prevention and early diagnosis of UCC.