Técnicas de propagação vegetativa para romãzeira (Punica granatum L.).

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate different techniques for the vegetative propagation of the pomegranate. In the first moment, our objective was to test techniques for cutting, in order to assess the feasibility propagation varieties 'Molar' and 'Wonderful' in the dry and rainy seasons. Subsequently, we verified the feasibility of production of grafted seedlings with these two varieties, using as rootstock seedlings of the variety 'Molar' propagated by cuttings. The survey was conducted from August 2012 to November 2013, in a greenhouse, in the Campus Center of Science and Agrifood Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal-PB, Brazil. Aiming to study the propagation by cuttings of pomegranate, two experiments were conducted with each variety ('Molar' and 'Wonderful'), one in the dry season, which comprised August to December 2012 (Experiment I) and another in the rainy season, from January to June 2013 (Experiment II), for the two varieties. We used a completely randomized design with four replications and five plants per replication, adopting the factorial design consisting of two factors, the managements of cuttings (cuttings with leaves, cuttings without leaves and cuttings without leaves more incision at the base) and evaluation periods (days after planting the cuttings) in order to study the growth, physiology and dry mass of seedlings pomegranate. In order to study the propagation by grafting, we used the randomized design, considering the factorial (4 x 4), four methods of grafting (grafting the top cleft, cleft in lateral slit; budding plate and T budding inverted) x four times of assessment (45, 60, 75 and 90 days after grafting), with four replications and five plants per experimental unit in order to evaluate the growth, physiology and accumulated dry weight of seedlings pomegranate. Cuttings managed with incision at the base gave a higher growth and strength the seedlings of both varieties studied pomegranate and the rainy season favors the vegetative propagation of the pomegranate. The methods of grafting provided better growth of seedlings of pomegranate. Being the grafted seedlings by grafting the left side with the greatest growth and dry matter accumulation.