Óleos essenciais com atividade contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa: uma revisão integrativa.

Abstract

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium found in soil, water, plants and humans. As an opportunist, it is considered an important human pathogen, since it only infects patients with compromised health. Among the main foci of infection are the urinary tract, respiratory tract and skin/tissue. As for treatment of these infections, some antibiotics are generally used as the carbapenems, polymyxins and fluoroquinolones, although this bacterium shows resistance to several antibiotics, including the ones mentioned above. In view of the increasing number of resistant bacterial strains and the limited therapeutic arsenal available, this work aimed to make an integrative review, investigating in the literature which essential oils present anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa action, thus contributing to the process of evaluation of probable news) antibacterial(s). This research was carried out through the databases BVS, MEDLINE, SciELO, PubMed, Redalyc, LILACS and Google Scholar, searching scientific papers published in the period of 10 years (2008-2018). To do this it was necessary to use descriptors, such as: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, essential oils, toxicity, combinations in the English language, Spanish and the use of Boolean AND. The present work the essential oils that showed an inhibitory action against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, based on in vitro studies, originating from: Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Origanum vulgare L., Zingiber officinale, Aloysia gratíssima, Cymbopogon nardus, Cymbopogon winterianus, Caryophyllus aromaticus L., Cinnamomum cassia, Eucalyptus Paniculate and Myracrodruon urundeuva. In the toxicity test, the oils of O. vulgare L. and C. zeylanicum presented low toxicity, whereas the oils of C. aromaticus L., C. nardus, M. urundeuva, C. winterianus and Z. officinale were toxic at the concentrations analyzed. No studies were found in the literature reporting the toxicity of the essential oils of A. gratíssima, C. cassia and E. Paniculate. No clinical study for essential oils versus P.aeruginosa was found in the study. The essential oil of C. zeylanicum was shown to have the best anti-Pseudomonas action as well as low toxicity, which is the closest to a potential candidate for a new antibacterial, especially for infections caused by P. aeruginosa. However, further toxicological and clinical studies involving this subject are necessary, since no clinical trials of these oils have been found in the literature to guarantee their safety.