Modulação regional das chuvas no Estado do Maranhão.

Abstract

The State of Maranhão is located in a transition zone between the semi-arid northeast, the hot and humid Amazon and the plains of central Brazil, giving the state peculiar characteristics. Although the state is not in the polygon the context of drought, have welldefined climatic conditions, the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall is quite irregular, which submits the agricultural system of the region to serious problems, with significant economic and social impacts . Given these characteristics, the objective of the study was to analyze and understand the variability of precipitation and relate it to the TSM and other weather systems that influence rainfall in the state. To this end, we used the method of Wavelet Transform (TO) to identify different scales fluctuations sign of precipitation and TSM, and thus point the systems involved in the different time scales. The results showed the overall spectrum of the wavelet energy that the annual cycle is the dominant in all analyzed locations. And that in addition to the annual scale also observe up interactions with seasonal scales, intraseasonal, semi-annual, bi-annual and decadal up. Regarding the TSM Equatorial Pacific, the annual scale is more intense in the east of the ocean sector, decreasing from east to west, where the decadal scale becomes more pronounced. The relationship between rainfall in homogeneous regions (HR) of Maranhao and the ocean TSM Equatorial Pacific showed that there is significant correlation between them. Ie areas of Niño with the highest correlations with HR were: Niño 3 with RH1 relationship (r = -0.72), with RH2 relationship (r = -0.65), with RH3 (correlation r = -0.69), as RH4 (correlation r = -0.53) and Nino 1 + 2 with RH5 relationship (r = -0.52).