Checklist para nortear a assistência de enfermagem no pré e pós-operatórios.

Abstract

This study discusses the nursing care offered to patients who will undergo surgeries and the need to use a checklist that guides nursing assistance in pre and postoperative care as measures to prevent complications, considering their need and participation in the organization and safety of the patient / professional in a surgical clinic. Thus, the study proposed the construction of a pre and post-operative care checklist aimed at patient care before and after surgeries, based on the knowledge found in the literature and based on scientific evidence. Objectives: general objective was to propose checklist to guide the nursing care in the pre and postoperative period in surgical clinic of a school hospital; specific objectives: list the main surgeries performed in the service; to identify the main nursing care in the pre- and postoperative periods in these surgeries; develop a nursing checklist for these key care; present the checklist to the service professionals; Methods: This is a descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative approach, carried out in a School Hospital located in the city of Campina Grande - PB. Data collection took place in two stages: In the first stage 4 nurses and 7 nursing technicians participated in a semi-structured interview to point out the pre and postoperative care of surgeries performed at the hospital. In the second stage, an integrative review was performed on pre- and postoperative care. It is worth mentioning that this study obeyed the ethical observances set forth in Resolution 466/2012, which guides research involving human beings. Results and discussion: Based on the answers obtained through interviews conducted with the eleven nursing professionals (seven nursing technicians and four nurses) about the pre and postoperative care provided to the surgical patient, he / she realizes that some gaps deserve attention, such as such as the lack of relation with the correct, recommended and evidence-based procedures, which are primordial in the control of infections, especially those of the surgical site and other comorbidities. Two checklists were built based on the answers obtained from the professionals, addressing pre and post-operative care based on scientific evidence (preoperative bath, trichotomy, fasting, glycemic control, smoking cessation, intestinal preparation, vital signs verification, control of pain, control of hypothermia and care with surgical wound). Final considerations: Communication is essential in the care and care given to the patient, instruments such as the checklist help in effective communication among the team, as well as guide the practice and serve as a record of the activities carried out. In view of this, it is perceived that the theme needs to be better discussed and put into practice, since the development of further studies with this approach may contribute to improvements in surgical patient care.