Perfil epidemiológico, clínico e terapêutico de pacientes em pós - operatório de estomas de alimentação.

Abstract

Gastrostomy and jejunostomy surgeries are common practices in those patients who require long-term nutritional support. The presence of feeding tubes involves the advantage of contributing to a good therapeutic management, but also involve several complications that may impair the quality of life of gastrostomized patients. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic profile of patients in post-operative stomatal feeding at a school hospital in the city of Campina Grande; characterize the patients according to sociodemographic data, family and personal history; Identify the main indications, surgical technique used, types of probe used, diets, postoperative complications and outcome of patients submitted to feeding stomas. Methodology: This is a larger study entitled "Complications of operative wounds in surgical patients" with a documental-descriptive character, with a quantitative approach, performed at the Medical and Statistical Archive Service (SAME) of the Alcides Carneiro Hospital, Campina Grande / PB, through a survey of 42 medical records, from January 2012 to December 2017. A data sheet was built in Excel software from the collection instrument, which was transferred to the statistical package SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 21.0. For data analysis, absolute distributions and percentiles were obtained and the mean statistical measures and standard deviation of descriptive statistics techniques were obtained. Results: The sample consisted of: 59.9-year-old men, retirees and farmers living in urban areas with low per capita income, ex-alcoholics and former smokers, with different personal and family comorbidities, in the use of polypharmacy both before and after the surgery; and indication of gastro / jejunostomy for nutritional support. The postoperative complications were both local and systemic; with extended hospitalization time, but with outcome for hospital discharge. Conclusions: It was possible to describe and evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of the patients submitted to the two surgical modalities and to confirm that the postoperative complications are numerous, being related to both the type of probe used, the preoperative care, and the patients' own clinical status, since most have comorbidities that impair their good prognosis.