Condições de vida e acesso às políticas públicas: o olhar dos agricultores familiares do município de Jaçanã-RN.

Abstract

It is important to have an understanding of the systems of food production used and the consequences generated in the environment so that it can exist a better understanding of the factors influencing the guarantee of healthy food, respecting that aspects such as the Food and Nutritional Security (SAN), the Human Right to Adequate Food (DHAA) and Food Sovereignty. The practice and the development of family farming, a sustainable model, has the ability to change the scenario of the industrial model of agriculture, working as a policy of great strength for food and nutrition. For the practice of family agriculture is strengthened you must understand the differences of living conditions in rural areas, taking into consideration the factors of environmental, social, economic, and social reproduction. One of the ways to contribute to the advancement of this type of agriculture is through the implementation of public policies in agriculture. Thus, taking into consideration the importance of understanding the determinants of rural context, the present study sought to characterize the family farmers of rural communities Boca da Mata and Serra da Lagoa, the municipality of Jaçanã-RN, as well as examining the conditions of life and food production and access to major public policies with an emphasis on the PNAE. It is a qualitative research, where the data collection occurred through the use of a structured questionnaire applied to 15 farmers of the cited. The treatment of the data was performed using the methodology of content analysis of Bardin (2011), a set of techniques of analysis of communication that occurs in three stages: preanalysis, material exploration and treatment of results, i.e., inference and interpretation. From the analysis it was possible to observe the existence of difficulties in rural areas, such as access to health services, water availability and social reproduction, hindering the permanence in the field. In addition, it was possible to realize that the pronaf is the program of greater access to and knowledge on the part of the farmers, where the majority was unaware of the PAA and some farmers reported have already heard about the PNAE, where only a farmer reported provide food for the school program. Still, it was observed that there is an not effective access to the PNAE, farmers holds a perception of food and nutritional contribution that the products of family farming exercise. The results of the work can contribute to a greater understanding of the reality of family agriculture in the municipality, bringing the reflection that through this character data it is possible to plan actions that seek to strengthening family agriculture and better conditions of life in the countryside.