Óleos essenciais com atividade contra Cryptococcus neoformans: uma revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Cryptococcosis, especially neurocryptococcosis, is a systemic fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus species (C. neoformans and C. gattii) and is associated with high lethality, especially in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The antifungal agents used in the therapy of this infection are scarce and, moreover, have evident toxicity and low efficacy, which motivates the search for new antifungal candidates. In this sense the objective of the stupor was to perform an integrative review on the essential oils with action on species of Cryptococcus neoformans. An integrative bibliographic research of scientific articles published in national and international journals was carried out using LILAS, CAPES, VHL, SciELO, Pubmed, Sciencedirect and MEDLINE databases published in the last 20 years (1997-2017). During the research the following descriptors were used: essential oil, Cryptococcus spp, toxicity, their combinations in the English language, and Boolean DNA. In this study the essential oils that showed inhibitory activity against Cryptococcus spp. In the searches, the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum showed inhibition against C. neoformans between 125-250μg / mL. The essential oil of oregano (Origanum vulgares) in three samples tested against C. neoformans had MIC between 0.16-0.64μl / mL. In another study, the essential oil of Coriandrum sativum and Foeniculum vulgaris presented MICs 64μg / mL and 256μg / mL, respectively. Laurus nobilis (laurel) inhibited the growth of 70% of the strains tested with MIC of 256μg / mL. A research in the literature reveals that essential oil of Cymbopogon winterians and Thymus vulgaris presented MICs of 32-256μg / mL and 32-128μg / mL respectively. In addition, another study confirms the action of the essential oils of T. vulgaris, which, to inhibit 90% of the strains, used the oil at 0.3%. In another study, we observed the activity of Litsea cubeba and Cymbopogon martini against C. neoformans isolates, for L. cubeba MIC between 16-512μg / mL and C. martini between 64-512μg / mL. Two species of the genus Eugenia were tested against C. neoformans and C. gatti, and Eugenia dysenterica with MIC between 125-250μg / mL, Eugenia caryophyllus had a MIC of 0.09%. The cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa) exhibits selective activity for C. neoformans in an inhibitory contraction of 33.1μg / mL. In the toxicity study it was observed that the essential oils of Origanum vulgaris and Coriandrum sativum presented low signs of toxicity. Ocimum gratissimum, Thymus vulgaris and Eugenia caryophyllus oils exhibited signs of toxicity at the concentrations tested. Other oils are required studies to determine their toxicity. In the literature, clinical studies with essential oils for the treatment of Cryptococcus spp. It is concluded that the twelve oils found showed activity against Crytococcus spp. O. vulgares and C. sativum presented low toxicity in relation to the others, to be possible antifungals against Cryptococcus. No clinical studies were found in the literature, opening a vision for the need to carry out new studies.