Atividades antifúngica de extratos vegetais e análise fisiológica em sementes de milho crioulo (Zea mays L.).

Abstract

This research was to control fungi and control efficiency in the sanitary and physiological quality of native corn seeds. Seeds of Z. mays were collected in Sumé-PB, Monteiro-PB and Prata-PB municipalities, located in the Western Cariri Microregion of Paraíba. They were included as alternative treatments of plant extracts Mormodica charantia and Libidibia ferrea. To obtain the ethanoic extracts the cold extraction method was used. The sanity and germination tests consisted of ten treatments: T1-Witness (untreated seeds); T2-Fungicide Dicarboximide (240g / 100kg); T3 - Ironwood extract (EPf) 500 ppm; T4 - EPt 1000 ppm; T5 - EPt 1500 ppm; T6 - EPt 2000 ppm; T7-Caetano melon extract (EMc) at 500 ppm; T8 -EMc1000ppm; T9-EMc 1500ppm and T10-EMc 2000 ppm. The sanity tests were distributed in ten replicates of twenty seeds each and the germination test in four replicates of fifty seeds. In the seeds of Z. mays the following fungi were identified: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp., And Alternaria sp. The concentrations of 1500 and 2000 ppm of the extracts of Libidibia ferrea and Mormodica charantia were efficient in reducing the following fungi: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp., and Alternaria sp. The concentrations of 1500 and 2000 of the Mormodica charantia extract, caused a reduction in the germination of corn seeds of the city of Sumé-PB.