Diversidade de Rubiacaea Juss. na Serra do Bongá, Alto Sertão Paraibano.

Abstract

The Bongá Mountain is an extension of Araripe Plateau-CE, extending for three municipalities of Alto Sertão Paraibano, Bonito de Santa Fé, Monte Horebe and São José de Piranhas, is home to areas of floristic remnants of the Caatinga ecosystem with semi-arid climate and average temperature of 25 °C, with altitude up to 780m and averages 849.6 mm annual rainfall, distributed in two seasons, dry and rainy (ranging from three to four months). Facing this vast heterogeneity, this work it is the first record about the biodiversity in the Mountain, which aims to investigate the wealth of the representatives of the family Rubiaceae, elaborate morphological diagnoses, taxonomic treatment, and keys for separation of subfamilies and species present in the area, expanding thus the knowledge of the local flora. The samples were collected from biweekly excursions from April / 2015 to July / 2016, in strand Monte Horebe / São José de Piranhas, which are herborized and analyzed in the Botany Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande, using a stereomicroscope, and access to specialized bibliographies. It was also elaborated digital images and scientific illustrations of morphological structures that characterize their species. 17 species and 09 genera were cataloged in 03 subfamilies Rubiaceae, Rubioideae being the most diverse, with 13 species [Borreria capitata (Ruiz & Pav.)DC., Borreria scabiosoides Cham. & Schltdl., B. verticillata (L.) G. Mey., Borreria sp., Diodella gardneri (K. Schum.) Bacigalupo & E.L. Cabral, D. teres (Walter) Small., Diodella sp., Mitracarpus baturitensis Sucre, M. salzmannianus D.C., Mitracarpus longicalyx. E.B. Souza & M.F. Sales., Richardia grandiflora (Cham &Schltdl.) Steud., Richardia sp., Staelia galioides D.C. and Staelia virgata (Link ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum.], Ixoroideae with 03 [Cordiera myrciifolia (K. Schum.) C.H. Perss. & Delprete, C. rigida (K. Schum.) Kuntze and Tocoyena formosa (Cham. et Schltdl.) K. Schum.] and Cinchonoideae with one (Guettarda viburnoides Cham. & Schltdl.). In spite of visible human activities which are changing the diversity surrounding the Mountain, two new records for Paraíba (Diodella gardneri (K. Schum.) Bacigalupo & E.L. Cabral e Mitracarpus longicalyx. E.B. Souza & M.F. Sales) were evidenced in this study, therefore, it is necessary to adopt conservation and preservation measures for maintaining these environments rich in Alto Sertão Paraibano.