Impactos ambientais na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Piranhas, no percurso entre Boqueirão de Piranhas a São Gonçalo - PB.

Abstract

In recent years, water has been broadly discussed in the world. The demand for this natural resource has gradually increased, while its availability decreases, due to the significant human activity responsible for the accelerated deterioration of their physical, chemical and biological, which in turn resulted in the current global crisis, in which part of the planet's fresh water has some type of contamination, making it unfit for human consumption and even disease characteristics for the misuse of this. The fight against environmental degradation, to waste and irrational use of water are major challenges discussed from anthropogenic sprinkled occupation when considering the reduction of water availability. With this approach, this study is justified by the author's need to formulate conservation ideas and preservation of the Rio Piranhas during transit between Boqueirão Piranhas the São Gonçalo - PB, when considering the existing impacts by degradatória occupation and action of man this region is the preparation and unsuitable land use for agriculture, as the deposition of sediment in the river bed causing siltation, among others. In this context, the present study was aimed to characterize the environmental impacts in the basin of Rio Piranhas during transit between Boqueirão Piranhas the São Gonçalo - PB. Therefore, the research was conducted in the Rio Piranhas - PB in Boqueirão route (city of Cajazeiras - PB) to Sao Goncalo (Sousa - PB). The dams Boqueirão Piranhas and São Gonçalo are located in the basin of Alto Piranhas, one of Piranhas sub-basin of the river Paraíba, located in the southwest region of the state of Paraíba, in northeastern Brazil, between the geographical coordinates of 6 50 ' and 7 25 'south latitude and 38 10' and 38 40 'longitude west of Greenwich. Based on these results, it was found that natural factors and human activities (land use, release wastes, the weirs courses deviations) are ancient mechanisms that go along this contamination process. Natural factors contribute to soil salinization, but the low efficiency of the management process of the irrigation system that is used in irrigated perimeter areas have contributed to the occurrence of salinization rapidly, thereby undermining the reproductive capacity of the area. Given the above, it is believed that the competent authorities need to rethink the practice that has been used for exploitation of natural resources in the region, and especially water, as water scarcity is a major obstacle in the social and economic development of the people.