Efeito do raleamento da caatinga e do manejo da jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora [Willd.] Poir.) na fitossociologia na vegetação arbustivo-arbórea.

Abstract

The semi-arid region of the Brazilian northeast has the Caatinga as predominant vegetation. Due to its history of use, great part of the vegetation is in secondary succession, nevertheless it presents / displays a great number of vegetal species in its strata woody, shrub and herbaceous. In order to use the Caatinga woody species in a sustainable manner, some management techniques were developed, such as thinning and rearing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the woody composition, as well as the management of Mimosa tenuiflora with the control of its regrowth in thinned and low caatinga areas in the Paraíba hinterland. The research was carried out at the Federal University of Campina Grande - CSTR / UFCG, Brazil. For this purpose, 4 areas of 1 ha were grazed by sheep and cattle from January 2003 to October 2015. The vegetation of the experimental area was submitted to Poincianella bracteosa and Croton sonderianus thinning, and the rearing of M. tenuiflora in December 2015. During the experimental period, precipitations occurred in the months of December 2015 (16.1 mm) to April 2016 (65 mm). The frequency and density of woody species were determined using the quadrant system with two crossed rods at the selected point, with an annotation of the presence and distance from the tree / shrub closer to the center for each quadrant. Twenty samples per area were performed each month, from February to November 2016. Six plants were randomly selected for the management of M. tenuiflora (without control, control with 1 regrowth, 2 regrowths and 3 regrowths). plants were evaluated for the number of regrowths, diameter of the stem of the plant and of the regrowths, two collections were carried out in the months of April 2016 and September 2016. In the first collection the regrowths were sent to the laboratory for analyzes of MS, PB, FDN, FDA and TT. The four most significant relative frequencies were M. tenuiflora (55-100%), P. bracteosa (45-80%), C. sonderianus (15-50%), Jatropha mollissima (25-50%). For specific density, M. tenuiflora presented values between 80-182. For the management of M. tenuiflora an effect was observed between the number of regrowths and seasons. The highest number of regrowths occurred in April, 13.6 in April and the lowest 9.7 in September. MS values ranged from 39.9 to 44.83. The thinning of undesirable species and the lowering of M. tenuiflora do not alter the frequency and density of the woody species in the evaluated areas. The regrowth of M. tenuiflora is affected by vegetation management, providing different MS and PB levels, but without altering FDN and FDA.