Diagnóstico tardio da infecção pelo HIV: análise de fatores relacionados ao acesso aos serviços de saúde.

Abstract

Introduction: among the problems faced in controlling the AIDS epidemic in Brazil and in the world, the high rates of late diagnosis of HIV infection are highlighted. DT carries several consequences, such as increased morbidity and mortality, decreased life expectancy, increased occurrence of opportunistic infections and the spread of the virus. In this context, the barriers related to access to health services stand out as factors associated with HIV infection. Objective: to analyze the phenomenon of TD of HIV infection, based on knowledge of sociodemographic factors and those related to access to health services. This is an epidemiological, observational, analytical and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Methodology: the research was carried out in the city of Campina Grande-PB, with 72 people living with HIV / AIDS treated in the Specialized Assistance Services of the municipality. Data collection was performed in April and May 2017, through a questionnaire, containing questions according to different scales of dichotomous and categorical responses. Data were stored and analyzed in SPSS Statistics Software, version 20.0, using frequency calculation and chi-square association test. Results: the data obtained were presented in tables and discussed according to available literature on the subject. As a result, the following stand out: in relation to the characterization of study participants, 51.4% of them were between 25 and 39 years old when they discovered HIV, 55.6% had low schooling, 1 to 8 years of age Studies, 31.9% were unemployed and 61.1% of the respondents lived with a minimum wage; Regarding the prevalence of HIV / AIDS DT, as measured by the CD4 + T lymphocyte count at the time of diagnosis, 62.5% of the study participants had TD or very late; 62.5% of respondents had a high viral load when they discovered HIV, from 10,001 to 100,000 copies / ml; Of the total number of interviewees, 62.5% are diagnosed with AIDS; In relation to the search for the health service, 25.0% sought the service by medical indication, and 27.8% of the participants sought the service because they had patients with AIDS symptoms; 30.6% of respondents were slow to seek health care because they felt healthy; As for the first service sought by the interviewees, 37.5% of them went to the Basic Health Unit and 15.3% went to public hospitals; 33.3% of them were diagnosed in Primary Care and 23.6% were diagnosed in a public hospital; The variable motive for the search of the health service was associated with the diagnosis of HIV / AIDS (p-value = 0.004); 26.7% of those who sought medical service and 42.2% of those who sought the service because they were ill with AIDS symptoms were diagnosed late. Conclusions: In this study, it was shown that individual factors related to access to health services are associated with HIV / AIDS, and the development of strategies aimed at the timely diagnosis of HIV infection is a priority.