Prevalência de doenças autoimunes na atenção primária à saúde.

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases arise from failures of the immune system in discerning between the foreign antigens and of their own host. These diseases generate several manifestations, leaving the subject vulnerable to the appearance of serious lesions and several signs and symptoms that take some time to emerge.Hindering its diagnosis, consequently, the treatment and worsening its prognosis. From this perspective, it becomes important to study the prevalence of autoimmune diseases, trying to understand the clinical and economic importance that involves these pathologies. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in primary health care.This is an observational, documentary analysis study with a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative approach held in the municipality of Cajazeiras / Paraíba. The sample consisted of 232 participants enrolled in the primary health care of the municipality, obeying the inclusion criteria of the study. For data collection was used a semi-structured questionnaire and medical record of the UnidadeBásica de Saúde. The data were analyzed in the StatisticalPackage for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. It was considered the ethical observances included in the guidelines and regulatory standards for research involving human beings - Resolution 466/12 of the Conselho Nacional de Saúde. The project was evaluated and approved by the Comitê de ÉticaemPesquisa of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais under Number: 2,131,831. It was identified in the study, a prevalence of 2.16% of people with autoimmune diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus being the most prevalent disease (0.86%), followed by rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (0.43%). The occurrence was predominantly in the female gender, with ages ranging from 43-72 years, in brown and non-working persons. The hyperpigmentation, lack of energy, pain and tenderness in the body, and edema in the hands and feet were the most frequent signs and symptoms observed in all people affected by these disorders. Genetic predisposition is seen as a risk factor for the development of such diseases (60%). It is concluded that the study of the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in Primary Health Care is able to provide essential information for the management of patients with such diseases. For this, it is essential that health professionals be able to identify risk factors for the development of these disorders, as well as to have a clinical view for the early identification of the diseases and clinical manifestations presented by It. Moreover, they should be prepared to guide and accompany the patients with their clinical condition, because, in this way, it will be positively collaborating in the quality of life of people affected by these diseases.