Estigma, preconceito e adesão ao tratamento: representações sociais de pessoas com tuberculose.

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which mainly affects the lungs but can also compromise other organs and systems. Brazil follows the recommendations of the World Health Organization regarding priorities related to early diagnosis and compliance with treatment in an adequate way. Since the psychological issues bring significant harm to the health of the population, it is conniving to work on this perspective on its influence on tuberculosis, which still carries stereotypes in the imaginary of different peoples. In this way, it was tried to apprehend the senses and experiences of the stigma and prejudice perceived by the individuals who have or already had tuberculosis, as well as the adherence to the treatment, inserted in this context. This is an exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The study population consisted of individuals with tuberculosis who were living in the municipality of Cajazeiras - PB. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews, guided by a guide with identification data and questions about the social representation of tuberculosis. The results were analyzed in light of the thematic content analysis and the theory of social representations. All ethical aspects contained in Resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council were respected. Success in treating neglected, communicable diseases and those facing prejudice such as TB depends on how the subjects with the disease are accepted in the family and social life and how they are approached in the health unit at the time of diagnosis and throughout treatment. There is an urgent need to strengthen the commitment of the health services with the subjects aiming at their well being, so that they do not lead to interruption of treatment, reducing resistance to medication and better adherence to treatment.