Significado e vivência de pacientes submetidos a tratamento hemodialítico.

Abstract

The Chronic Renal Insufficient is about a syndrome caused by variety nephropathies that reduce significantly the renal functions, with symptomatology minimal or absent. The conservator treatments can progresses to Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis, or realization of renal transplant. The Hemodialysis consists in the catalolites removal of the organism through the blood, using the idealized equipment for this purpose, creating physiological changes and loss of functional independence, causing in the patient acceptance evidences or problems to adapt to the new way of life. This study had the objective to understand the changes and the meaning of hemodialytic therapeutic in tej patient life subjected to this modality. Refer to exploratory study and a qualitative approach held with 23 patients on treatment in a Hemodialysis of the Regional Hospital sector of Cajazeiras- PB. The gathering was held during the hemodialysis sections through the semi-structured interview produced by the researcher, being performed an analysis of the descriptive speech with the participant observation. The survey stages follow the ethics aspects of the resolution n° 466/2012 about research that involves human being. There was predominance of male patient, non caucasian, aged over to 60 years old, residing in surrounding towns to Cajazeiras, married, elementary school incomplete, retired/unemployed, monthly income between 1 and 2 minimum wage and Catholics. According to clinical profile, the most of patient held the treatment more than 18 months ago, were hypertensives, with comorbidities caused before of the treatment, low levels of hospitalization in the last year and complications, a few are in waiting list to renal transplant and the most search for family and friend support to face the disease. The main changed areas with the treatment was the professional fields, travel, tours, changes in the alimentary habits, reduce of the familiar income, better in the symptomatological context. Highlighted like meaning of the therapy feelings of optimism and hope, and/or pessimism. Such evidences joined with expectations of realization of the renal transplant and the belief in the superior being like a source of hope. It is concluded that hemodialysis promotes changes in the contexto of the patient's life,generating initially unproductive feelings, anxiety and social isolation, andretrospectively, hope and/or conformity, associating to each adaptation.