Fatores que comprometem a segurança do paciente na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: uma revisão integrativa.

Abstract

The practice of safe care assistance has been discussed and widely disseminated on a global scale, permeating all levels of care. That said, unsafe care in the ICU can cause greater damage, due to mostly unstable patients. Imbued in this context, the study aimed to find out in the scientific literature which factors compromise patient safety in the intensive care unit. This is a descriptive study based on the method of Integrative Literature Review. In order to compose the study, the following criteria were used as inclusion criteria: articles that answered the guiding question of 2013-2017, in Portuguese and indexed in the databases: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF and SciELO. To search the databases, the descriptors in Health: Patient Safety and Intensive Care Unit. 102 items were found in the database. Of these, 22 articles were excluded for duplicity and 80 were analyzed by title and abstract, after initial analysis were left, 25 articles. Then the whole of the reading was done, reaching the final result of 19 articles that composed the present study. Later, it was identified which factors compromise the safety of the patient in the ICU. The following domains and factors were formulated: Domain 1 - Related to the individual: Length of stay in the ICU and pathophysiological characteristics; Domain 2 - Related to multiprofessional team: Interdisciplinary communication; and Domain 3 - Related to management: Workload, Punishment Culture and Infrastructure. It is noteworthy the importance that length of stay and workload influence on the susceptibility to generate risks to the patient, being these factors mostly present in the findings of this study. It is important to know the reality of the quality of care provided in the ICUs, in order to improve care by promoting patient safety, reducing and preventing risks to AS.