Interação entre águas salinizadas e adubação nitrogenada na produção de mudas enxertadas de goiabeiras.

Abstract

The cultivation of guava shows up as an important economic and social activity, since it is one of largest acceptance of tropical fruits in Brazil, however, the availability of water for irrigation has become increasingly scarce, both in terms of quantity and quality especially in arid and semi-arid regions where evaporation is greater than precipitation. In this context, the use of saline water in agriculture should be considered as an important alternative because it is often the only water available to the farming community. In this sense, the aim of this research was to evaluate the production of grafted guava plants irrigated with differing levels of saline water and under nitrogen fertilization. He settled on a two experiments using the rootstock of guava Crioula and the other of rootstock and Paluma with the graft, the cv. And Paluma guava. The different experiments were conducted in greenhouse conditions, the Center for Science and Agrifood Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus de Pombal-PB, using the experimental randomized block design and treatments were distributed in factorial 5 x 4, is 4 replicates, each plot had three plants. The treatments resulted from the combination of two factors: irrigation water salinity (ECw) in five levels S1-0,3; S2- 1,1; S3-1,9; S4-2,7 and S5-3,5 dS m-1 prepared by adding chloride Na, Ca and Mg, maintaining an equivalent ratio equal to 7: 2: 1, respectively, and four nitrogen levels N1 - 70%, N2 - 100%, N3 -130% and N4 - 160% of standard dose (552 mg N dm-3 ). The increase in CEa, from 0,3 dS m-1 negatively affects the growth variables and the quality of Paluma guava plants grafted on rootstocks Paluma and Crioula. There was interaction between water salinity irrigation and nitrogen levels to the diameter of the graft paluma guava, wherein the dose of 100% N reduced the effect of salinity irrigation water at 70 DAT. For guava plants cv Paluma acting as rootstock. Crioula, nitrogen fertilization in doses 100% and 130% for IQD, mitigated the effects of salt stress, obtaining the highest values under ECw level of 0,8 and 1,4 dS m-1 respectively. The seedlings irrigated with ECw of water up to 1,9 dS m-1 met the criteria for the production of standard guava changes. The use of water with supper to 2,2 and 2,0 dS m-1 in irrigation guava seedlings Paluma acting as door graft for cv. Crioula and cv. Paluma respectively, promote acceptable reduction in growth of the plants 10%