Perfil clínico e características da terapia nutricional enteral ofertada a pacientes críticos hospitalizados.

Abstract

The TNE is recommended as the optimal therapy for critically ill patients for practical reasons, financial, metabolic and immune. This method is preferred to meet the nutritional needs when the gastrointestinal tract of the patient is in normal operation, but the oral intake is not possible or is inadequate. During his offer care is needed, as this support via presents téc¬nicos factors and complications related to the method that may limit the proper administration of nutrients. In this regard, this study aimed to determine the clinical profile of critical patients using TNE, characterize the offered nutrition therapy and identify the main related complications. It is methodologically anchored in a quantitative, prospective, descriptive cross-sectional study with 18 patients using TNE in a general regional hospital, in the city of Patos / PB. The information was collected from records in the medical records of patients and recorded in a questionnaire developed by the researcher, which contained information on the clinical profile of the patient data, the enteral nutritional therapy features and history of associated complications. The information collected was organized in 2010 release Acess® program, and were analyzed using the SPSS software for Windows (Statistical Package for Social Science Inc., Chicago, Illinois USA), version 19.0. The study sample was composed mostly of elderly (72.2%), female (55.6%), which remained in the ICU (61.1%), affected mostly by neurological disorders (44, 4%), for an average time between 21 and 28 days of hospitalization. As for the characterization of TNE, 61.1% of patients made use of nasogastric access road, and the method of administration used by most patients (94.4%) was the closed system with diet supply industrialized by continuous infusion. The incidence of complications related to TNE, gastrointestinal complications were identified, prevalent among patients the diarrhea events (50%) and flow (16.7%). Given the above, one can reflect that the study allowed a contribution of information that helped identify the clinical condition of the critical patient who makes use of this therapy and contributed to the identification of the major complications that could directly affect the nutritional status. This information will serve as a subsidy for contribution to better nutrition assistance provided not only by the nutritionist and the other professionals involved in this therapy.