Análise da atividade terapêutica do surfactante exógeno no tratamento da doença da membrana hialina.

Abstract

The Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) is one of the most severe respiratory disorders of Newborns (NB), occurring mainly in preterm newborns due to their deficiency in the production of pulmonary surfactant. The advent of exogenous surfactant therapy greatly improved the prognosis of newborns affected by HMD. Among the classes of exogenous surfactant used in treating the disease are the naturals, derived from animal lungs, and the synthetic. This work consists in an integrative review, based on the following descriptors: Membrana hialina; Surfactante exógeno; Hyaline membrane; Exogenous surfactant. Its objective is to analyze the therapeutic activity of exogenous surfactants on the treatment of the HMD. A search in databases such as SciELO, LILACS, PubMed and MEDLINE resulted, after using inclusion and exclusion criteria, in 05 articles. After diligent analysis of the articles, we have organized synoptic tables of the obtained data, showing that the evidence shows that the use of exogenous surfactants decreases mortality in HMD, reduces the comorbidities related to the pathology, provides an improvement in respiratory parameters and reduces the length of hospital stay of affected newborns, although its use is not exempt of complications. Even so, we stand critical about the findings, since the focus given to the HMD and its treatment could be optimized, with more specific studies and wider confrontation between exogenous surfactant classes.