Prevalência da Sepse na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva em um hospital regional do alto sertão paraibano.

Abstract

Sepsis consists of an inflammatory response syndrome in response to an aggressive agent, which may be a bacterium, virus, fungi or protozoa, associated with a systemic infection. This clinical complication is the leading cause of death in Intensive Care Units, and is among the leading causes of death in England, Wales and Northern Ireland over the last 10 years. Thus, the main objective of this research is to verify the prevalence rate of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock in the ICU of the HRC in the state of Paraíba in the years 2014, 2015 and 2016. It is a retrospective epidemiological study, descriptive and quantitative; performed at the ICU of the Regional Hospital of Cajazeiras with patients admitted to this sector during the years 2014, 2015 and 2016 with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock, and the data were collected through a semistructured form; this study was submitted and approved by the research ethics committee of the Teacher Training Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Cajazeiras campus. The results show that 14 patients were admitted with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock and the majority of them were men, elderly, married, retired, living in urban areas and with adequate housing conditions. During the study period, 792 patients were admitted to the ICU, 14 of whom had a diagnosis of septicemia, with a prevalence of 1.76%. Of these 14, 54% had a diagnosis of septic shock, 27% severe sepsis and 19% sepsis. Among the sepsis classifications, septic shock was the most frequent in the years 2015 and 2016, being 1.19% and 1.10%, respectively. Most (57.1%) of the patients had comorbidities, all were using invasive procedures, antibiotic therapy and the majority (71.4%) remained hospitalized for one to seven days. Overall mortality was high (92.86%). It is necessary to carry out more studies of this type not only in the city of Cajazeiras but in the Northeast as a whole, so that it is possible to formulate regional conclusions about sepsis in ICUs and thus it is possible to make decisions that may be effective in the prevention , treatment and in the expressive reduction of mortality of this serious disease that constitutes sepsis.