Verificação da temática biodiesel no ENEM (1998-2017) em consonância com sua evolução no contexto nacional.

Abstract

Enem was created in 1998 and has undergone two major changes since then, one in 2009 and another in 2017. Today, it is the second largest vestibular in the world, behind only Gaokao in China. It brings to the candidates situations where they can articulate the knowledge learned in High School, relating them with illustrations and excerpts of news, to find a resolution to the problems. Among them, the production and use of biodiesel is one of the subjects charged in the matrix of the exam. Therefore, the research sought to understand the profile of the questions about this biofuel in the test, considering its approach, the national context of biodiesel policies and the presentation of the information about it in the evaluation. From a universe of 1,503 questions on Natural Sciences, between 1998 and 2017, 9 were selected, for mentioning directly or indirectly biodiesel. Between the 1998 and 2003 editions there was no direct mention of the biofuel chosen, however, an ENEM 2003 item pointed to the use of crude (sunflower) vegetable oil with a physical approach. In 2004, a question alerted candidates to investments in developing technologies for biodiesel production. Law 11,097 / 2005 was cited in 2008, with a view to the advantages of biodiesel. The raw material used for its production and the stages of this process were the themes of the 2011 edition, during its second application. The transesterification reaction, the technology by which vegetable oil is transformed into biodiesel, only appeared in 2012. For 2014, the examination decided to discuss the viability of raw materials through the oxidative content. In 2016 it was the turn of its properties - density, calorific value, viscosity and sulfur content - to denounce the adulteration of biofuels in commerce. Finally, in 2017, the theme was used only for the identification of the organic function "ester", present in biodiesel. Through contextualization and illustration, Enem manages to inform and at the same time evaluate the ability of candidates to manipulate information and apply their knowledge about them. However, for a better understanding of the data presented in this study, it would be necessary to study the incidence of other biofuels in the evaluation questions.