Exame de urina: uma revisão.

Abstract

Urinalysis (UA) is one of the most requested routine tests in clinics and laboratories and is very useful in the evaluation, diagnosis and monitoring of many diseases. Currently, routine urinalysis consists of three stages: the physical, chemical and microscopic sediment. Urinalysis is the third major in vitro diagnostic screening test in clinical practice, behind chemistry and complete blood serum. This study aims to conduct a brief outline of urinalysis, by focusing on new technologies embedded in this examination to help detect changes in urinalysis parameters and diseases detected by it. The systematic review will seek to identify articles published between January 2000 and January 2016, considering the SciELO databases (http://www.scielo.org). In addition to these databases, an investigation was performed using books, theses and dissertations in electronic portals, libraries and personal files. The urine collection must comply with a number of basic principles, in order to obtain a sample that reflects the physicochemical and microbiological changes that we propose to analyze. The first attempt to automate microscopy of urine was 20 years ago with the development of a Yellow IRIS Workstation, accuracy and sensitivity are better than with visual microscopy, especially at the lower concentration range where most common abnormalities are detected. With the advancement of technology the urinalysis has had several changes in handling, which has machines that do all the work of a technician in charge, but before that was described in this article, the automation urinalysis still needs a qualified technician who is well informed to support the machine, since it does not have technology machines error free.