Estudo da recuperação de óleos lubrificantes minerais usados utilizando solventes polares.

Abstract

Lubricating oils are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum by refining process and represent 2% of oil products, being one of the few that is not fully consumed during their lifetime. The used oil is an important raw material for re-refining, because during use it is not totally degraded, so it can be recovered from the oil base, which can be reused for the same purpose. For this work was used mineral-based lubricating oil, SAE 20W-50, API SJ and additive. It was worked with both engines using the same kind of oil, one was as monitored for approximately 5,000 km and the other for 10,000 km. Then, the used lubricant base oil was recovered by polar organic solvents (1-butanol, 2-propanol and methyl ethyl ketone) and then it was characterized by physical-chemical and thermal analysis based on the results obtained. The API degree indicated that they are classified as paraffinic Neutral Medium. According to the ash content was found that there was an interesting reduction of contaminants impurities and solid. The samples have acidity within the limits established by the decree of the ANP. The samples used for 5,000, 10,000 km, and recovered by their respective solvent showed higher thermal stability than those presented by the new oil. We realize that the oils are recovered within the standards required by the decree #130 of July 30, 1999 of the ANP, to be reused. The recovery of lubricating oils using organic solvents can produce a lube oil re-refining the quality as good as the first refining.