Avaliação pós-ocupação sob o aspecto do saneamento ambiental em área de interesse social urbanizada no município de Campina Grande.

Abstract

Along the past ten years, the municipality of Campina Grande (PB) has been benefited from numerous urbanization actions in areas of social concern, where large amounts of public financial resources were and still are invested. Considering that the national guidelines for sanitation were established by the Federal Law 11.455/2007, and given the central role played by environmental sanitation in people life, it is essential to perform post-occupancy evaluation (POE) in those areas subjected to intervention in the municipality, notably by the fact that the areas’ occupation has occurred before the enterprise has been finalized. This work presents an approach of public policies on social habitation already implemented in Brazil – focusing on the municipality’s particular situation –, basic sanitation in Brazil and its universalization, and post-occupancy evaluation, describing some methodologies that have been used for its achievement. This research aimed at evaluating the environmental performance of an area of social interest by observing whether the projects’ technological performance standards were properly contextualized under several urbanization scenarios. The study case was Novo Horizonte community, situated in the Southern area of Campina Grande city, which is the only and totally concluded urbanization action granted by the Federal Government’s General Budget and the Program for Accelerating Growth. It is proposed a methodology for measuring environmental health, in which is defined an index of environmental health for Novo Horizonte community ((EHI/NH) constituted by seven indicators related to environmental sanitation, public health and socioeconomic aspects. Several typical urbanization scenarios were defined and a questionnaire was applied to residents of that urbanized area in order to collect information related to the proposed indicators. Results showed that the urbanization has not occurred in the desired amplitude, and that, among the analyzed indicators, there was an emphasis on water supply and solid waste while those related to socioeconomic factors showed the worst results in every studied scenario; in relation to the scenarios, It was also verified that the scenario related to reformed and/or enlarged habitation units presented the worst environmental performance. The conclusion is that post-occupancy evaluation is necessary to feedback urbanization projects in execution or to be executed, whether granted by public or private financial resources.