Maximização econômica em unidade produtiva agropecuária com reutilização dos efluentes gerados.

Abstract

The present study aimed at developing a mathematical model for farming production units attempting to maximize the economical result and, at the same time, adapt the production system to the environmental laws regarding the implementation of the pig farming, milk-cattle raising, poultry and the production of grain, according to the conditions surrounding the Itaipu Lake, West of Paraná. For that, the dynamic of the farming production system was observed through interview and laboratory analysis of residue from the productive chain of animal protein. This approach allowed data collection, which helped in the investigation and in the analysis of the farming, in order to formulate the Mathematical Model that enabled the elaboration of development alternatives regarding the place where it was intended to intervene. Starting from the interviews, economic calculus of the energy balance of the grazing areas of the unit; it was established the following restrictions: technical, financial, surface, labor, machines, equipment and facilities, crop rotation restrictions, Ecosystem Fertility restrictions, environmental impact and waste treatment. Zoo technical coefficients were studied regarding the potential of the pastures and its energy potentials. The model developed though LINGO 4.0 software represents a Farming Production Unit (FPU) which has the practice of pig farming, milk-cattleraising, poultry, corn, soy and oat crop. As main results of the model it was verified that the maximization of the annual economical result showed more effectiveness in the use of the useful area and the residues generated in the farming activity in comparison to the simulation of the economic monthly result, and yet that the mathematical modeling is an effective tool in the development, administration and the taking of decision in agrarian activities with high environmental impacts. The FPU obtained the total reuse of effluents of pig farming which have greater ambiental impact; also the waste of the cattle-milk raising was used. In relation to the poultry litter, due to its easy handling, high economic added-value and the logistics of easy application, the models suggested the selling as organic fertilizer.