Mães adolescentes x mães adultas jovens: análise dos fatores de riscos para o baixo peso ao nascer.

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is defined as a newborn weighing less than 2500g, this condition is linked to early neonatal death or until the first year of life. Several causes are related to low birth weight, placental factors that act before and during pregnancy, and maternal, like the old. Early motherhood <than 20 or late> 35 years poses risks for both the mother and for the fetus. Objective: To analyze the characteristics of adolescent mothers and young adult mothers living in the city of Cajazeiras / CP, who had newborns of low weight in the period from 2006 to 2013, and compare the characteristics of each other. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study with primary data obtained through the Live Birth Information System (SINASC), through the Declaration of Live Birth (DN). There were included in the study: the 1st Via the DN (White Way ), which was duly completed, which is normally sent and filed after birth, the Epidemiological Surveillance Service of the Department of Health of the city of Cajazeiras, PB, Brazil and mothers living in the place referred aged ≥ 12 and ≤ 35 years , who had infants with low birth weight in the mentioned municipality, in the period from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2013 were collected DN, information on marital status, socioeconomic conditions, prenatal and obstetric history. Analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® (SPSS), version 17.0. To study the correlation between the variables, we used the chi-square test (χ2) or Fisher's exact test for dichotomous variables and the Linkelihood Ratio test for non- dichotomous variables, where appropriate. Results: The median maternal age was 23 years and average 23.53 (± 5.556). The birth of newborn LBW was prevalent in young adults. However, significant differences between the two age groups in the categories were found: fellow presence among adolescents and young adults (28.1% and 71.9%, respectively), the item years of study, we observed a higher education in adult in relation to adolescents (42.8% and 23.3%, respectively), number of pregnancies, predominated more primigravidae among adolescents (50.6%) and more secundigestas and multigestas among adult (23 and 26.4%, respectively); prenatally stood out fewer consultations among adolescents compared to adults (67.4% and 32.6%, respectively), vaginal delivery prevailed among adolescents compared to young adults (55.3% and 44.7%, respectively). Discussion: In general, the findings of this study are consistent with findings in the literature, especially in regard to the association between low birth weight and absence of spouse, less education, insufficient number of prenatal visits, type of delivery and background obstetric. However, no association was found with early maternal age, being justified by the small sample size, when compared to the group of young adults. Conclusions: Prenatal care can promote healthy behaviors and promote maternal effect on intrauterine growth and length of gestation through early identification and management of modifiable risk factors for inadequate weight at birth.