Fatores de risco implicados à retinopatia da prematuridade no Brasil: uma revisão integrativa.

Abstract

To identify the risk factors related to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Brazil, based on the analysis of scientific productions in the last 10 years. An integrative review of the literature was conducted, identifying the contributions of the studies concerning the associated risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in Brazil. A search was made in September 2016 for the survey of indexed publications in the following databases: Latin American Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), US National Library of Medicine / National Institutes of Health (PUMED) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The descriptors used were "retinopathy of prematurity" and "risk factors". Based on the analysis of the studies, it was verified that the main factors related to NB care are inadequate oxygen administration and monitoring, phototherapy, drug use: diuretics, indomethacin and aminophylline or caffeine. Regarding maternal conditions, only perinatal asphyxia and multiple gestation were related, even though these variables were not considered in the articles. And other factors directly related to the newborn were: birth weight, sepsis, erase index, intraventricular hemorrhage and persistent ductus arteriosus, SNAPPE II score at birth, respiratory distress syndrome and weight gain up to the 6th week. Despite its multifactorial etiology, it was reported that prematurity associated with oxygen therapy are the main factors related to ROP. Thus, coping with the disease requires a better quality of prenatal care, delivery care and NB care.