Estudo de ligas de nitinol recobertas com biocerâmica para aplicação odontológica.

Abstract

May be considered biomaterial any device that interact with the biological environment, of varied temporality, natural or synthetic, that has the purpose to inducing a specific biological activity through the treatment, increase or replacement of any tissue, organ or function in the body. The development of dental implants has provided incentive for research in this purpose, as well as the reactions that occur in tissue-implant interface. The implants currently used are basically composed of titanium, although this material does not attend all the necessary requirements for its use for that purpose. This research aimed the development and evaluation of Nitinol alloys in different compositions, subject to the application of superficial laser and apatite deposition by Biomimetic Method. Three compositions were developed: one equiatomic, one rich in nickel and the other rich in titanium. The three compositions were evaluated through four distinct circumstances: polished, laser irradiated, modified by laser and apatite deposition for biomimetic solution type 0 and modified by laser and apatite deposition for biomimetic solution type 6. The characterizations were performed using the cytotoxicity assay, wettability, optical microscopy and bioactivity. The surface modifications made possible the utilization of three compositions, that just polished, were impractical for use in living beings, with cell viability below 50%, also promoting physico-chemical and biological characteristics more favorable for the proposed use. The alloy that had properties better suited was rich in titanium with laser application and apatite deposition through SBF type 6. Therefore, alloys with surface modifications were more appropriate for osseointegration, due to having greater roughness and contact area, besides the presence of apatite, which tend to promote more quick adhesion with biomaterial and bone.