Qualidade de solo em pomar de mangueiras "tommy atkins" adubadas com fontes orgânicas no semiárido paraibano.

Abstract

Concern for soil quality has grown as its use and intensive mobilization began to result in a decrease of its productive capacity and sustainable over the years. The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality of soil in an orchard of mango (Mangifera indica L.) var. Tommy atkins fertilized with organic sources in semiarid Paraiba, through chemical, physical and biological soil properties. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Fruit Crops IFPB Campus Sousa, in a completely randomized design with eight treatments and three replications, totaling 24 experimental units. Held the soil collected in October 2013 at 0-20 cm depth in each experimental unit. For chemical attributes were evaluated: pH, electrical conductivity extract 1: 5; the Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and exchangeable P assimilable and the contents of total carbon and estimated the values of: base saturation and exchangeable sodium percentage. With the levels of total carbon, obtained the contents of organic matter. As for physical attributes is evaluated: the proportions of sand, silt and clay, the degree of flocculation, particle density, bulk density and total porosity. The biological attributes evaluated were: occurrence and density of microorganisms, soil respiration, biomass C and metabolic quotient. No statistically significant differences were found for physical and chemical indicators of soil quality attributes. The highest values were observed for the metabolic quotient were for poultry manure and organic compost. The principal component analysis allowed the joint visualization of chemical, physical and biological attributes, checking how the attributes were affected by the presence or absence of organic sources.