Intoxicações por agroquímicos no Brasil: análise temporal das características epidemiológicas.

Abstract

Brazilian’s agribusiness has caused important transformation around the country, with significant impacts on human health due to the big use of pesticides. Among these impacts due the human health, the increased toxicity about pesticides (pesticides and agricultural pesticides) in Brazil is concerning. The objective of this study is to analyze the incidence of pesticide poisoning and epidemiological characteristics in Brazil, from 2001 to 2014. This is an ecological study, time series, as described. Data were analyzed statistically by polynomial regression model, Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test. These analyzes it adopted a 5% significance level. Also it was used descriptive statistical analysis simple. For the processing of the data was used SPSS 20.0® program. 80,069 cases of pesticide poisoning were reported in the period 2001-2014, with an exponential linear growth of poisoning by pesticides in this population, whose poisoning rate was 0.377. During the period, the South and the Midwest had the highest intoxication rates. Regarding the behavior of the condition of intoxication, there was a significant relationship to the suicide attempt. As for the pesticide poisoning of farm sweat, 25,106 cases were reported from 2007 to 2014. During this period, there was a significant linear growth of poisoning by pesticides for agricultural use in this population, whose poisoning rate was 0.1644. That moment, there were divergent behavior between the incidence rates for federal units, however, the rates show growth in all regions of Brazil. Sociodemographic dimensions, most poisonings occurred in Brazil in victims aged 20-59 years (74.7%), male (71.0%.), White skin (43.8%), area urban (54.1%), just primary education (42.4%). The analysis of socio-demographic dimensions of Regions indicated most of intoxication of victims of pesticide use in agriculture in the age group 20-59 years old in the Southeast (74.8%), male in the Southeast Region (72.7% ). Brown-skinned individuals were more frequent in the North, Northeast and Midwest while, in the Southeast and South, there was a higher percentage for white skinned individuals, urban exposure zone (55.7%) in the Southeast and elementary school (56.3%) in the South. For aspects related to intoxication, most poisonings from pesticide poisoning in Brazil indicated the circumstance suicide attempt (38.2%), healing without sequelae (82.3%) and acute-single exposure (78.7%). The evaluation of aspects related to poisoning by pesticide use in agriculture by Region indicated the attempted suicide as the most frequent in the Northeast (60.5%), without sequel healing in the South (87.7%) and acute-single in Southeast (76.6%). Therefore, the country needs to improve policies to poisoning by pesticides, developing effective measures for the prevention and early diagnosis of intoxicated people. In the future, it must be developing new studies to understand if the measures taken have been effective in reducing the tendencies and percentages cited in this study.