Caracterização de hábitos e práticas alimentares de diabéticos acompanhados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de um município de pequeno porte da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil.

Abstract

The diabetes mellitus type II is a metabolic disease characterized by a state of resistance to insulin action associated with a defect in its secretion. The adoption of unhealthy lifestyles such as poor diet, sedentary lifestyle and obesity, coupled with the aging population and increasing urbanization are largely responsible for the increased incidence and prevalence of diabetes throughout the world. Given the aboveit is relevant to know the social characteristics, clinical and life habits of a diabetic population at the primary level of health care; since, subsidizes the implementation of care protocols and educational programs, aiming improvement of the results obtained. So,the objective of this work is to characterize the habits and feeding practices diabetics followed in a Basic Health Unit of a small municipality of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. Data were collected during the monitoring of the users in HiperDia program, which is held once a week, on Thursdays, in the morning, at UBS Severina Izaura of Frei Martinho / PB. Regarding the results, we observed a predominance of females (71.43%) and mean age of 64 ± 13.97 years, ranging from 31 to 94 years old. More than half of the participants were married (55.56%) and had incomplete elementary school (60.32%). Family income had the highest proportion in the range of more than 1 to 2 minimum wages. 92.06% of diabetics never did exams on the feet, 50.79% were not active and mostly used metformin (52.38%) and glibenclamide (49.21%) as drug treatment. Regard to dietary patterns, the majority of respondents (53.96%) consumed 5 to 6 meals a day, and sought to avoid: candy (92.06%), fats (63.49%), carbohydrate-rich foods such as pasta, cake, rice, polenta (41.27%) and soft drinks (26.98%). 90.48% of diabetics consumed sweeteners and 95.24% did not add salt to preparations / food after ready. Most respondents (84.13%) had received guidance on nutritional care, especially doctors (39.68%) and nutritionists (28.57%). Regarding the consumption of alcohol and smoking habits, 93.65% of the participants mentioned not consume and 58.73% reported not smoking. In the nutritional assessment in relation to the Body Mass Index in adults predominated individuals with preobesity (20.63%) and obesity (12.7%), and the elderly most were eutrophic (36.51%); however, the proportion of overweight (23.81%) was high. The average of Waist Circumference for men was 97 ± 11,14cm and, in women, 99 ± 10,21cm. The implementation of health care strategies is important to encourage changes in habits, aiming the prevention and control of complications. Thus, the work of a team of multiprofessional healthcare as a technical element able to promote a better quality of care provided to the carrier of diabetes mellitus is essential.