Recuperação de área degradada na microrregião do seridó ocidental da Paraíba.

Abstract

The main aim proposed by this study has been analyze the evolution of the regenerative process of degraded caatinga’s area in a leg of recovery (from 2008 to 2015) in the Fazenda Barra, Santa Luzia – PB’s countryside, in the microregion of Ocidental Serido. The area measures 1,88 ha, and it has been isolated for eight years, when it has begun the original project’s recuperation of this area. Its recuperation has been implemented in the interior of the area a pioneer experiment through the direct planting of native species in prepared soil, with hydrographic Nanobacias. To analyze the soil’s regeneration it has been done a floristic and phytosociological survey to check the composition, structure and diameter distribution of plant species in that area, for purposes of comparing these parameters with the first study conducted on the place. The analyzed phytosociological parameters were: Density and Dominance Absolute and Relative, Basal Area, covering value and contents diversity and richness of species. It also has been done soil samples analysis to proper classification and verification of fertility rates was taken. And, It has been analyzed the survival and growth of native species were transplanted in the mentioned experiment. In the floristic composition has been found 28 species included in 27 gender and 15 families among the 12,258 individuals registered in the general area. In the experimental environment, the percentage of the species’ survival fell down between the years 2012 and 2015 for all transplanted species, both in the prepared soil with nanobacias, as in the environment of direct planting. Soil fertility rates in the experimental area also has been fell compared to 2012, and the numbers of the prepared environment with nanobacias remained higher than the direct planting. In the overall study area, it has been concluded that there was a significant recovery as in the vegetation as in the soil in the considered period. The isolation of the area was more efficient in the natural regeneration process than other recovery techniques employed in the place. Despite the technique of soil’s preparation with nanobacias have secured higher rates of soil’s fertility, survival and growth of transplanted seedlings, it was the isolation of the area combined to the levels of accumulated rainfall during the period considered that has been ensured the recovery, which has been seen in the general area.