Heroísmo e anti - heroísmo na Ilíada: Tersites contraposto a Ulisses.

Abstract

The study of classical texts always worried theorists and still worrying. The myths appear in primitive times, subsequently they are sung and written many centuries later. What we have learned or what we have transmitted became possible because of reading and use of language, both written and spoken. In previous centuries the VI. C., these texts were sung. This literature, oral or written, was crucial to the spread of myths from a need to spread the values and achievements of a certain people. The epic poem, the Iliad, attributed to Homer, stands in contrast to the heroes, a dropped character, decreased, Tersites. This is an antihero because transgresses an aristocratic ideal and he is beaten by Ulysses, who rises on the hero status, leaving fellow humiliated as punishment. The objective of this paper is to discuss the contrast between the hero Odysseus and the antihero Tersites. This research was based on theoretical as Wegner Jaeger (2013), who show us the formation of a Greek-style education; Flávio Kother (1987), who defines the hero and its determinants; Junito de Sousa Brandão (2000), who deals with the hero opposed to the anti-heroism; André Jolles (1930), who defines what is myth, and other authors such as Karl Kerényi (2015), the constitution of the history of heroes in training for the Greeks; Mircea Eliade (2011), Ernest Cassirer (1985), Erich Aurebach (2007), among others.