Avaliação do hemograma e imunofenotipagem na leucemia linfóide aguda em crianças: uma revisão da literatura.

Abstract

The Leukemia Acute Lymphoblastic (ALL) is a neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid blasts affecting characteristics. The LLA has major symptoms as fever and fatigue, which are similar to symptoms of many common diseases in children, which complicates the clinical diagnosis. Thus, the laboratory diagnosis is essential for confirmation of ALL, leading the patient to the appropriate treatment. The CBC is a routine exam that directs the differential diagnosis, which is performed by morphological, cytogenetic, and immunophenotypic characterization. The present study aimed to perform a literature search to identify possible changes found in the blood count of children with ALL, and immunophenotypic characteristics involved in the disease. During the review were found on the banks of CAPES and SCIELO articles that supported the theme comprehensively and clearly, published from 2004 to 2014, comprising a period of 10 years data. The main changes in the blood count found in children with ALL was leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and low hemoglobin levels. Regarding immunophenotyping, ALL precursor B showed significant prevalence compared to T ALL precursor with an average frequency of 76% and 24%, respectively. The most common types was LLA-BII (on average 54% of cases). In characterizing the LLA-B, as markers CD10, CD20, CD22, CD19, CD45 and cyCD79a, is being repeated items. Have the characterization of T-ALL, CD7, CD4, CD5, CD2, CD3, CD8 and cyCD3 common markers were found among the authors. Thus, the data obtained show that the CBC has parameters that can direct the diagnosis of ALL, and immunophenotyping is an effective method to confirm this diagnosis, as well as monitoring disease.