A obesidade como fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus: uma revisão bibliográfica.

Abstract

A sedentary lifestyle, and demographic changes, socioeconomic transitions and steady persistence in eating habits, with western characteristics, made obesity a common disease among the global population . This is alarming, since excess body fat, especially abdominal, is directly related to changes in lipid profile with increased blood pressure and hyperinsulinemia. Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and is considered present in both developed and developing countries, and the increase their incidence is distributed in almost all races and genders. There is a significant relationship between obesity and total cases of morbidity resulting from pathological consequences caused by it. Among the prevalent diseases associated with the greatest risk is for development of diabetes mellitus (DM). It is known that obesity is a source of many investigations and scientific studies, it is therefore of utmost importance that students and health professionals try to promote the prevention and treatment of the same, trying to eliminate the appearance of secondary diseases. Obesity and associated therewith, insulin resistance and the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes (DM2) are described in this work, which aims to identify, through a literature review, the relationship between obesity and as this may lead to the development of DM, the impact of this change in the body and the existing non-pharmacological therapy. This study also aims to determine how physical activity and nutrition education contribute to the considerable reduction in the development of obesity and, consequently, secondary diseases arising thereof. Therefore, a literature review was conducted, in which the data were obtained from the online database LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Journal Capes, where scientific papers in national and international journals were selected, using the terms descriptors: obesity, obesity adolescence, diabetes mellitus, diabetes in obese, physical activity to reduce obesity, nutritional education in diabetics. Moreover, the theme of this work has been researched in books Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Nutrition. Studies, English and Portuguese language, published in the last 20 years were selected. The study allowed us to study these diseases isolated and subsequently, a mutual study, which aimed to understand how a disease can provide the development of another. Thus, it was concluded that practical of the low cost and easy to perform, such as regular exercise and proper nutritional guidance, such as reduced intake of saturated fats and sugars and increasing intake of fiber, part of the non-pharmacological therapy, being important means of treating obesity and DM2, acting in energy metabolism and promoting increased receptor sensitivity to glucose (insulin).