Manejo de águas salinas e residuárias na produção de flores de girassol em sistema hidropônico para regiões semiáridas.

Abstract

The development of technologies that use the available water resources efficiently, regardless of their physical-chemical and microbiological quality, is an alternative in order to support the management of water resources and expand the production capacity of irrigated systems in semiarid regions. Against this background, the effects of different management strategies of irrigation using saline water and wastewater (domestic effluent) and different substrates on the emergence and vigor, growth and development, and production and post-harvest flowers of sunflower plants grown in semi-hydroponic systems and in hydroponic systems alternative, that consider the peculiarities of the brazilian semiarid, was studied. The results of researchs developed were subjected to analysis of variance comparing by regression analysis the quantitative factors and by testing of means (Tukey) the qualitative factors at the 0.05 level of probability, using software statistical SISVAR version 5.2. In general, it was found that in the dry season is possible to produce flowers of sunflower in commercial standard, using the domestic effluent as the nutrient solution using the strategy of replace the volume percolated up to four days; in the rainy season, however, to obtain similar results it is necessary do the nutritional supplementation at least on dose of 55% of the concentration of NPK tested. Regarding the use of saline water, it was concluded that it is possible to produce flowers of sunflower of cultivars EMBRAPA 122-V2000, Sun Night and Garden Gnome, in standard commercial, using salinity levels up to 9 dS m-1.