Tratamento farmacoterapêutico das dislipidemias: uma revisão da literatura.

Abstract

Dyslipidemias can be defined as changes in circulating lipid levels, characterizing any change involving lipid metabolism and stand out among the risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. The indications for individuals with alterations in lipid metabolism include nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions. The non-drug treatment basically involves changes in lifestyle. The hypolipidemic pharmacotherapy presents a well-defined in combating morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease role. This study aimed to review the literature on the pharmacotherapy of dyslipidemia seeking to update the information to health professionals. Classes of drugs currently used in the treatment are the statins, fibrates, bile acid sequestrants, ezetimibe, niacin and omega-3. Statins inhibit the ratelimiting step in cholesterol synthesis and are the preferred drugs hypercholesterolemia. Fibrates are considered drugs of choice for hypertriglyceridemia. Bile acid sequestrants and ezetimibe are generally used in combination with other lipid lowering drugs for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Niacin favorably modifies all major lipid fractions and the most effective drug in elevated levels of HDL-C. The omega-3 reduces serum triglycerides levels. However, like all drugs, are not without adverse effects. Although transient, as in most cases, require attention and early detection, as most often become the cause of non-adherence to treatment. Therefore updated by health professionals about pharmacotherapy, knowledge plays an important role in the improvement of treatment adherence and management of dyslipidemia and consequent its complications reduction.