Avaliação da toxicidade dos resíduos sólidos urbanos da cidade de Campina Grande-PB.

Abstract

The great heterogeneity of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) makes it presents a highly variable composition and can often be compared to industrial waste substances by having the bases of heavy metals and other toxic compounds that pose a risk to health and the environment. Thus, the search for technological alternatives for the management of waste and understanding its behavior after disposal, has caused more and more studies are developed for this purpose. Examples are studies in experimental cells, which are made in order to simulate the behavior of a landfill cell, considering all the reactions that occur within it under controlled conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of MSW in the city of Campina Grande - PB, present in an experimental cell. The experiment consisted of an experimental cell equipped with instrumentation all present in a real cell of a landfill, in order to provide a detailed study of the behavior of MSW over time and depth. The monitoring cell was made during a period of two years (October 2009 to October 2011), and performed the gravimetric and volumetric composition of the waste collected and an initial sample on the day of your filling. Thereafter monthly samples of waste were collected for evaluation of parameters: pH, moisture content, ammonia, volatile solids, metals, phytotoxicity, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and leaching and solubilization tests. Were also performed weekly measurements of temperature of the cell in situ. The results showed that despite the waste of the city of Campina Grande - PB in its composition have a large amount of organic matter, these residues were classified according to ABNT NBR 10.004/04 on hazardous waste (Class I), which contain in their composition containing large amounts of aluminum, manganese, iron, nickel and lead. Tests were also made and observed to phytotoxicity pH, ammonia and the metal contributes to the effect of phytotoxic residues, but do not interfere with the biodegradation process. Finally, it was concluded that the MSW in the cell experiment are toxic for the environment and public health, but are not toxic for the biodegradation process.