Fatores relacionados à insônia no climatério.

Abstract

One of the stages of women's life is the menopause, an inevitable physiological period, often accompanied by physical signs and symptoms and emotional and can negatively influence the quality of life. Among the typical symptoms of menopause insomnia is often overlooked by professionals who assist the woman, whose origin can be for social, psychological, social support, behavioral problems or morbid. This research aimed to identify the factors related to insomnia in climacteric women in the city of Cajazeiras, Paraíba. It is a cross-sectional, held with 390 women aged 35 to 65, who belonged to the Family Health Units in the urban area, sampled after reading and signing the consent form. To collect the data held an interview, using a structured questionnaire, covering items that made it possible socioeconomic data, lifestyle and health indicators and their relationship with the occurrence of insomnia. The research project was approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Protocol 0462.0.133.000-11. The interviews were performed in Units of Family Health, January-March 2013. The database was entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 17, presented in tables frequently and percentage. The women were divided into 2 groups: those with insomnia and no insomnia. The independent variables were: meals/day, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes, which were dichotomized to allow the calculation of the Hazard Ratio (HR), hypothesis testing used to correlate variables. The mean age of the study population was 49.13 (±7.84). The average study period was 8.01 (±4.89). Regarding per capita income, the average was 0.724 (±0.87). Insomnia prevailed in 65.9% (n=262). By the findings, it was noticed that the percentage of insomnia was higher among women with up to 3 meals/day (71%) in sedentary (66.6%), smokers (77.9%), alcoholics (74.4%), overweight/obesity (67.4%), hypertension (76.8%) and diabetes (68.6%). For the calculation of Relative Risk (RR) findings revealed that unfavorable lifestyle and morbid conditions are risk factors for the presence of insomnia, since the RR (in all correlations) was > 1, but did not exceed 1,5. Therefore, it is considered that the association was weak and that there are not more likely to be causal. The high prevalence of insomnia among those investigated, the adverse conditions and sociodemographic factors found morbid confirm the strong impact of menopause on women's lives; various possibilities for intervention that the woman should be provided at this stage of life, is indispensable that she has space to express their problems and feelings; receiving guidance about the changes that are occurring in your body; and what these can cause to health. From the results, we perceive the need to investigate other risk factors for insomnia associated with sociodemographic data and intrinsic factors inherent to the climacteric.