Estudo do comportamento de bactérias aeróbias totais na biodegradabilidade de resíduos sólidos urbanos da cidade de Campina Grande-PB.

Abstract

The increasing environmental degradation that has been occurring in recent decades, has been causing irreparable ecological disaster to the environment. The increase in the quantity and variety of municipal solid waste generated mainly by domestic activities emerges as a major problem in society today. This research aimed to study the behavior of aerobic bacteria and anaerobic in the biodegradability of municipal solid waste in an experimental cell in the city of Campina Grande / PB. The experimental cell constructed at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG) has a height of 3.0 m and a diameter of 2.0 m. In this experimental cell was deposited waste from three districts of the city of Campina Grande / PB. The experimental cell was instrumented with temperature measurer and repression along the deep, piezometer and drainage gas, beyond collection points for solid waste along the layers. The monitoring was realized from October 2009 to December 2010, where a significant quantity of solid waste samples were removed from each layer for laboratory analysis. Were realized physical analysis (gravimetric composition, volumetry and humidity content), physical-chemical (pH, volatile solids, volatile acids, BOD and COD) and bacteriological analysis (aerobic bacteria and total anaerobic). Ally to laboratory analysis, carried out a statistical study through principal component analysis, where were verified correlations between the parameters studied. The results obtained in this research showed that the gravimetric and volumetric compositions are typical of tropical and emerging countries like Brazil, while in terms of organic matter the percentages presented are higher than the national average. The aerobic microorganisms and total anaerobics showed different behaviors during the experimental monitoring of the cell, ie, occurred a reversal in the growth of these bacteria over time and statistical analysis to corroborate with the experimental results. It was concluded that the physical and physicochemical conditions favored the growth of bacteria and had the typical behavior of solid waste landfills in real scale.