Admissibilidade de denúncias contra presidentes da República no Brasil: como julgam os deputados federais?

Abstract

The Federal Deputies of the 55th Legislature (2015-2019) of the Chamber of Deputies voted on April 17, 2016, for the admissibility of Denunciation 01/2015 against the President of the Republic Dilma Rousseff, authorizing the opening of an impeachment process for the practice of liability crime. However, on August 2 and October 25, 2017, they voted, respectively, for the rejection of Request for Prosecution 01/2017 and Request for Prosecution 02/2017, dismissing the opening of proceedings against the President of the Republic for the practice of passive corruption. and criminal organization. It is considered a unique opportunity for Political Science to study the relations undertaken by two different Presidents of the Republic during the same legislature.. Therefore, this paper analyzed the behavior of political parties and, above all, parliamentarians in the face of the votes of Denunciation 01/2015, Request for Prosecution 01/2017 and Request for Prosecution 02/2017. Authors such as Pérez-Liñán (2009), Hochstetler (2007) and Marsteintredet (2008) pointed to the loss of parliamentary support for the government as one of the causes that, combined in a certain historical configuration, contribute to the opening of an impeachment process. against a President of the Republic in Latin America. So it was conjectured that President Dilma Rousseff lost support from the political parties that formed her presidential cabinet, unlike Michel Temer, who maintained the support of her parliamentary support base to secure the rejection of Request for Prosecution 01/2017 and Request for Prosecution 02/2017. The comparison was used as the approach method of this descriptive research. The units of analysis were the nominal votes of the Opinions on Denunciation No. 01/2015, Request for Prosecution 01/2017 and Request for Prosecution 02/2017. The units of analysis were systematized in a database generated in SPSS v.22 with 10 variables and 1491 cases and the data were treated quantitatively. In this way it was possible to obtain indicators about the nature of the votes of the deputies of the parliamentary support base, the party discipline, the Government Support Index and about the pattern of behavior of the state benches in the nominal votes. It was found that most of the federal deputies of the 55th Legislature (2015-2019), belonging to the government's parliamentary support base Dilma Rousseff, voted for the admissibility of Denunciation 01/2015, while most of the deputies of the government support base Michel Temer voted for the rejection of Request for Prosecution 01/2017 and Request for Prosecution 02/2017.