Determinação do teor de formaldeído em produtos para escova progressiva por espectrofotometria e abordagem prática da cosmetovigilância no município de Cuité - PB.

Abstract

The progressive brush is a technique for hair straightening applied to curly and wavy hair, which has been associated with chemicals such as formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. The indiscriminate use of formaldehyde has been growing at beauty saloons in products for hair straightening, however, the ANVISA prohibits the marketing of this product in the market, because the use of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde straighteners result in serious health risks, such as: irritation, pain and burns to skin, airway injury and irreversible damage to the eyes and hair. In addition to these damages, is considered by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as carcinogenic to humans. This study aimed to identify and quantify the formaldehyde present in commercial formulations used in the practice progressive brushes. Being addressed also to the practice and application of cosmetovigilance from analysis of labels and tests physical - chemical. Were analyzed eight commercial formulations of distinct brands, which were submitted by visible spectrophotometry, based on the reaction between formaldehyde and chromotropic acid in the presence of magnesium sulfate, producing a stable complex Mg2+/ciclotetracromotropileno that allows identify and quantify the presence of the active substance. In accordance with current legislation, the selected samples were also submitted to a careful analysis of the label and to quality controls physicochemical, such as, macroscopic analysis, determination of pH, density, viscosity and centrifugation. The results obtained point out that the method proposed in this work was able to identify and quantify the presence of formaldehyde in hair straightening products, this for that, occurred a change of color (translucent to pink) in the samples analyzed, being possible to quantify by spectrophotometry at 535 nm. The samples A1, A3, A5 and A8 presented a formaldehyde concentration ranging from 1,49 to 3,83% (p/v). These samples presented a strong odor and adverse effects characteristic of this active substance in the respective concentrations. The samples A1 and A8 indicate the presence of formaldehyde on the label, however, they showed 7,45 and 19,15 times the permitted. The samples A3 and A5 contained 16,45 and 7,9 times of formaldehyde above the allowable respectively, but not indicated the presence of formaldehyde on the label, besides ignoring the warning information and restrictions of use. Still the analysis of the label, was verified the absence of the registry number given by ANVISA for sample A5, which can be classified as evidence of clandestine product. The samples A2, A4, A6 and A7 did not show the presence of formaldehyde on the label as well as was not quantified this substance, being these samples in accordance with existing laws. Among the samples that contained formaldehyde were all approved classified in relation to pH. For the others controls physical - chemical only the sample A2 was rejected in the analysis of viscosity and centrifugation. With the results, conclude that 50% of the hair straightening products were failed due to the presence of formaldehyde out of the allowable concentration, evidencing the importance of implementation the system cosmetovigilance, to ensure the final quality of cosmetic products, in view of primarily, the safety and efficacy of these products.