Incidência de fungos e produção de aflatoxina em sementes de amendoim crioconservadas e tratadas com extrato de sucupira armazenadas em ambiente natural.

Abstract

This work was performed to study the contamination by fungi and mycotoxins of peanut seeds treated with different doses of hydroalcohohc sucupira extract, packed in cotton containers and also in cryopreservation for storage, using peanut seeds of BRS Havana and BR-1 cultivars. The cultivars were characterized, initially, according aflatoxin mycofiora, moisture content and germination and then studied in three experiments: the first experiment, it was studied the moisture content, mycofiora and aflatoxin for 12 months of storage, using a completely randomized design, with factors: procedure, doses of the extracts and storage time for seeds inoculated and not inoculated with A. flavus and the same factors for the seeds stored inside and outside of the fruit; in the second experiment, the cv. BR-1 was subjected to the same treatments applied to BRS Havana and evaluated for moisture content, germination and mycofiora during 5 months storage; in the third experiment, it was studied the effect of cryopreservation on the mycofiora, seed viability, moisture content and aflatoxin in seeds stored in liquid nitrogen and natural environment. It was concluded that the fungi detected in samples of peanuts from the field and during storage of seeds were: A. flavus, A, niger, Rhizopus and Penicillium, with a predominance of Aspergillus flavus; however the incidence of these was low in the seeds stored inside the pod. The seeds stored outside of the fruit lost germination markedly with increasing the storage period, while inside the fruit maintained their germination during storage and, seeds stored in liquid nitrogen maintained their viability during storage, while stored at room natural lost viability after 9 months of storage. The presence of aflatoxin above the level allowed by Brazilian legislation for marketing of peanuts was given on the seeds cryopreserved and stored in the natural environment.