Desafios ao cuidar: atendimento das necessidades especiais em pacientes de terapia intensiva.

Abstract

The Intensive Care Centers aims to offer an intensive care to patients who are in critical condition, however their condition is recoverable. Through a multidisciplinary team, advanced materials and resources, the patients are subjected to intense monitoring until their health is reestablished. Thus, it is understood that when the basic needs are not met, the body can go in disharmony and may cause harm. When the patient has this knowledge about his or her condition, it allows a full and better relationship with the health care team. So, this study was developed for this patient to be heard on the needs that he considers to be vital.With this in mind, the objective of the research is to gather the knowledge of critical patients about their special needs and the specific objectives are: to investigate which are the special needs of critical patients who are in ICU; identify the factors that influence, positively or negatively, in meeting these needs, and know the feelings experienced by these patients. The theoretical framework was divided into three main topics: rescuing the existence of intensive therapy; theorizing in nursing: a focus in the Basic Human Needs; and learning about the special needs in intensive care. Methodologically based in a descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach, sampling criteria of saturation and it was conducted with adult ICU patients from the University Hospital Alcides Carneiro (HUAC), located in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba. Because it is a study involving humans, it attended the Resolution 466/12, and it was approved by the Ethics Committee of the HUAC under CAAE In: 14308013.7.0000.5182 and proceeded according to the availability of each patient during the months of July and August of 2013. The results were grouped into four categories: Investigating basic needs as special to patients in intensive care; Identifying contributing factors in meeting the special needs in intensive care; Investigating the aggravating factors in meeting the special needs in intensive care; Understanding the feelings experienced by critically ill patients before their special needs: the essential invisible to the eyes. In the first and fourth category was also identified, two main central ideas in each. To do so, cite respectively: psychobiological needs; needs and psychosocial needs met; Unmet Needs. So, it is exposed to significant contribution of

nursing in the rehabilitation of critically ill patients, as well as the need for changes in structure, rules and routines within the predetermined Intensive Care Units, with the intention of attending the needs presented as special. In addition to understanding the patient's side, it promotes the skills and scientific background of the professionals working in this area.