Comportamento da micoflora e da aflatoxina em sementes de amendoim tratadas com extratos vegetais e irradiação gama.

Abstract

This work was carried out in order to study the contamination of peanuts by fungi and mycotoxins throughout the store, in peanut seed treated with different concentrations of extract of neem and pepper in different packages and evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation (6 0Co). We used seeds of peanut of cuhivars BRS Havana and BR1. To start work the cultivars were characterized as for the mycoflora, aflatoxin, moisture content and germination. The work was conducted in three steps: the first step, we studied the moisture content, mycoflora and aflatoxin, using a randomized design with the factors: extract of pepper and neem, concentrations of the extracts, procedure (not inoculated and inoculated seeds with the fungus) and storage time; the second step, the BR1 cultivar was subjected to the same treatments applied to BRS Havana, evaluated the mycoflora and germination and determining the moisture content during storage; the third step, the seeds were subjected to gamma irradiation (6 0Co) where studied the effect of 8 doses of irradiation on the mycoflora, germination of seeds stored in PET packaging and braided polyethylene, using a randomized design with the factors: dose kGy, packaging and storage time. It was concluded that the fungi found in samples of peanuts from the field and during storage of seeds inoculated and not inoculated were: A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium Rhisopus, with predominance of Aspergillus flavus. The presence of aflatoxin above as permitted by Brazilian legislation for marketing of peanuts, took place with the seed inoculated with A. flavus treated with neem extract at the concentration of 70 mL, the dose of 0.5 kGy was effective in the germination of seeds of peanut, being higher than the control, within 30 and 60 days.