Avaliação de misturas de óleos vegetais na produção de biodiesel: caracterização físico-química e reológica.

Abstract

Vegetable oils have been shown as a promising alternative for the replacement of petroleum fuels in diesel engines. One of the problems today is the high viscosity of biodiesel generated from castor oil. The objective, then, in this work to study the physical characterizations and physical-chemical properties of vegetable oils (rapeseed, cotton and soybeans), and their mixtures in 10 formulations (formulation 1: 80% castor oil + 10% soy + 10% cotton; formulation 2: 50% castor oil + 40% soy + 10% cotton; formulation 3: 65% castor oil + 25% soy + 10% cotton, castor formulation 4:65% + 25% soy + 10% cotton, 5 formulation: 65% castor + 10% soy + 25% cotton, 6 formulation: 50% castor oil + 25% soy + 25% cotton, 7 formulation: 60% castor oil + 20% soy + 20% cotton; formulation 8: 70% castor oil + 27% soybean + 3% cotton; formulation 9: 55% castor oil + 30% soy + 15% cotton, 10 design: 55% castor oil + 15% soy + 30% cotton), and the attainment of these oils and biodiesel blends. After being subjected to a transesterification reaction, these oils can be used as additives or even in the future as a substitute for petroleum diesel. The oils of castor, cotton and soybeans were obtained by mechanical pressing. The methodology used to produce biodiesel from methanol was carried out along the route. For the physical-chemical characterizations were determined acid vaiue, saponification, peroxide, iodine and water content. Physical characterizations were determined for the viscosity and density at temperatures (28,40,50,60) ° C. The values obtained in the physical and chemical analysis for vegetable oils (soybean, cotton and castor) were: water content of 0.06, 0.07 and 0.36 bu, saponification index (163, 180.180) mgKOH / g, iodine value of 10 gl/100g index, acidity (0.4, 0.4, 0.5) mgKOH / g, acid value of biodiesel (0.5, 1.1 6.5) mgKOH / g, refractive index of 1.466, 1.451, 1.470. The mixtures showed similar properties to diesel, besides favoring the reduction of viscosity of pure biodiesel, through mixtures of vegetable oils, promoting greater efficiency in the flow. Biodiesel blends from f3, f5 and f6 is what got the physical and physicochemical more suitable for use as an alternative fuel.